Lab 15-1: PIM DENSE-MODE
Lab 15-1: PIM DENSE-MODE
Cấu hình cho sơ đồ thực tế sau:
R1, R2, R3, R4 chạy OSPF là giao thức unicast để mang thông tin multicast
Host1 và Host2 là hai router làm client để yêu cầu join group. R3, R5 nối vào cùng một segment để hiểu rõ hơn về DR, và IGMP querier
Cấu hình Dense-mode
R1#show run
hostname R1
enable password cisco
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
ip host Host_1 192.168.3.2
ip host R3 192.168.1.18
ip host R4 192.168.1.14
ip host R5 192.168.1.6
ip host r2 192.168.1.22
!
ip multicast-routing
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
clockrate 64000
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 192.168.1.21 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
clockrate 64000
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
end
R2#show run
!
hostname R2
!
enable password cisco
!
ip multicast-routing
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.1.17 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
no fair-queue
clockrate 64000
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 192.168.1.22 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
ip classless
ip http server
!
End
R3#show run
!
hostname R3
!
enable password cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
ip multicast-routing
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
half-duplex
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.1.13 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 192.168.1.18 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
ip http server
ip classless
!
end
R4
!
hostname R4
!
enable password cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
!
no ip domain lookup
!
ip multicast-routing
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
half-duplex
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
no fair-queue
interface Serial0/1
ip address 192.168.1.14 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
clockrate 64000
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
End
R5
hostname R5
enable password cisco
no ip domain lookup
!
ip multicast-routing
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.252
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
no ip mroute-cache
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
end
Host_1#show run
!
hostname Host_1
!
enable password cisco
!
memory-size iomem 10
ip subnet-zero
no ip routing
no ip domain lookup
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
ip igmp join-group 228.0.0.1
half-duplex
ip default-gateway 192.168.3.1
end
Host_2
!
hostname Host_2
!
enable password cisco
!
memory-size iomem 10
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
ip host R1 192.168.1.21
ip host R2 192.168.1.22
ip host R3 192.168.1.18
ip host R4 192.168.1.14
ip host R5 192.168.1.6
ip host Host_1 192.168.3.2
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0
ip igmp join-group 228.0.0.1
half-duplex
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
end
Giải thích một số lệnh
no ip mrou-cache: Không cho phép router chuyển mạch nhanh bằng cache của interface mà phải định tuyến cho từng packet một. Nếu không thì router chỉ định tuyến cho packet đầu tiên còn tất cả các packet còn lại sẽ được chuyển mạch nhanh bằng các report được lưu trong bộ nhớ đệm gọi là cache.
show ip mroute trên các router: để xem bảng định tuyến multicast của các group: muốn các group hiện lên trên các router thì trước hết từ host1 ta ping host2 để tao multicast trafic thì mói có group trên các router nếu không thì do quá 3 interval thì router sẽ tự động gởi Prune message cho up link port.
R1#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, s - SSM
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:13:39/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:13:20/00:00:00
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:13:37/00:00:00
FastEthernet0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:13:39/00:00:00
(*, 228.0.0.1), 00:13:16/00:02:55, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DC
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:13:16/00:00:00
FastEthernet0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:13:16/00:00:00
Serial0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:13:16/00:00:00
R3#sh ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, Z - Multicast Tunnel
Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 228.0.0.1), 00:11:14/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DC
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:11:14/00:00:00
Serial0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:11:14/00:00:00
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:11:14/00:00:00
(192.168.1.1, 228.0.0.1), 00:05:22/00:00:58, flags: T
Incoming interface: Ethernet0/0, RPF nbr 192.168.2.2
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0/0, Prune/Dense, 00:02:13/00:00:50
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:05:22/00:00:00
(192.168.1.21, 228.0.0.1), 00:05:22/00:00:55, flags: T
Incoming interface: Serial0/1, RPF nbr 192.168.1.17
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:05:22/00:00:00
Serial0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:05:22/00:00:00
(192.168.3.1, 228.0.0.1), 00:02:14/00:00:48, flags: PT
Incoming interface: Ethernet0/0, RPF nbr 192.168.2.2
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0/0, Prune/Dense, 00:02:14/00:00:48
Serial0/1, Prune/Dense, 00:02:14/00:00:48
(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:12:09/00:02:39, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:12:09/00:00:00
Serial0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:12:07/00:00:00
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:12:07/00:00:00
R4# show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, s - SSM
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:12:29/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:12:26/00:00:00
Serial0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:12:28/00:00:00
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:12:29/00:00:00
(*, 228.0.0.1), 00:08:15/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: D
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:08:15/00:00:00
Serial0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:08:15/00:00:00
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:08:15/00:00:00
(192.168.1.1, 228.0.0.1), 00:05:42/00:00:31, flags: T
Incoming interface: Serial0/0, RPF nbr 192.168.1.1
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:05:42/00:00:00
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:05:42/00:00:00
(192.168.1.21, 228.0.0.1), 00:02:33/00:00:26, flags:
Incoming interface: Serial0/0, RPF nbr 192.168.1.1
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:02:33/00:00:00
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:02:33/00:00:00
(192.168.3.1, 228.0.0.1), 00:05:42/00:00:31, flags: T
Incoming interface: Serial0/0, RPF nbr 192.168.1.1
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:05:42/00:00:00
Serial0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:05:42/00:00:00
R5#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, s - SSM
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:12:10/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:12:10/00:00:00
FastEthernet0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:11:31/00:00:00
(*, 228.0.0.1), 00:11:36/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DC
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:11:33/00:00:00
FastEthernet0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:11:36/00:00:00
(192.168.1.1, 228.0.0.1), 00:01:36/00:01:23, flags: CT
Incoming interface: FastEthernet0/0, RPF nbr 192.168.1.5
Outgoing interface list:
FastEthernet0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:01:38/00:00:00
(192.168.1.21, 228.0.0.1), 00:01:38/00:01:21, flags: CT
Incoming interface: FastEthernet0/1, RPF nbr 192.168.2.1
Outgoing interface list:
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:01:38/00:00:00
(192.168.3.1, 228.0.0.1), 00:01:38/00:01:21, flags: CT
Incoming interface: FastEthernet0/0, RPF nbr 192.168.1.5
Outgoing interface list:
FastEthernet0/1, Forward/Dense, 00:01:38/00:00:00
Kiểm tra
1. Ta sử dụng lệnh show ip pim neighbor interface number để xem router nào là DR trong segment. Ở đây ta sử dụng lệnh này trên R3, và R5. R5 là DR
R5#show ip pim interface fastEthernet 0/1
Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR
Mode Count Intvl Prior
192.168.2.1 FastEthernet0/1 v2/D 1 30 1 192.168.2.2
R3#show ip pim neighbor inte0/0
PIM Neighbor Table
Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR
Address Prio/Mode
192.168.2.2 Ethernet0/0 00:03:15/00:01:29 v2 1 / DR S
Ta sử dụng lệnh ping từ host1 đến Host2 thì ta sẻ cho kết quả trên R3 và R5 như sau: R5 báo mforward có nghĩa là nó chịu trách truyền multicast đến cho các client trong segment, còn R3 thì không: sử dụng lênh debug ip mpacket
R3#
*Mar 1 00:09:52.607: IP(0): s=192.168.3.1 (Ethernet0/0) d=228.0.0.1 id=15, prot=1, len=114(100), mroute olist null
*Mar 1 00:09:52.615: IP(0): s=192.168.3.1 (Serial0/0) d=228.0.0.1 id=15, prot=1, len=104(100), not RPF interface
*Mar 1 00:09:52.615: IP(0): s=192.168.3.1 (Serial0/1) d=228.0.0.1 id=15, prot=1, len=104(100), not RPF interface
R5#
*Mar 1 00:10:49.407: IP: s=192.168.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=228.0.0.1 (FastEthernet0/1) len 114, mforward
*Mar 1 00:10:49.423: IP: s=192.168.3.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=228.0.0.1 (FastEthernet0/1) len 114, mforward
*Mar 1 00:10:49.427: IP: s=192.168.1.21 (FastEthernet0/1) d=228.0.0.1 (FastEthernet0/0) len 114, mforward
*Mar 1 00:10:53.979: IP: s=192.168.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) d=228.0.0.1 (FastEthernet0/1) len 114, mforward
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